Understanding STIs
The risks associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are well-documented. From your first sex education classes, you’ve learned about the importance of safe sex practices to prevent unintended pregnancies and the spread of infections. However, the specific mechanisms of STI transmission between individuals may not have been thoroughly explained – you were simply told it could occur.
Comprehending how STIs spread is vital, as this understanding enables better preventive measures. This article explores the exact transmission methods of STIs while addressing common questions about these infections.
What Are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), primarily spread through sexual contact but can also transmit from mother to child during childbirth. These infections vary widely in type and each requires specific treatment approaches.
Common STI Types
The table below outlines prevalent STIs along with their symptoms and treatments:
| Condition | Symptoms | Treatment |
| Chlamydia | Painful urination, unusual discharge, painful intercourse | Azithromycin, Doxycycline |
| Gonorrhea | Abnormal discharge, painful urination, genital discomfort | Antibiotics |
| Genital Warts | Genital itching/bleeding, painless lumps | Condyline, Aldara, Warticon |
| Genital Herpes | Genital blisters, itching/burning, painful urination | Aciclovir, Valtrex |
| Pubic Lice | Visible insects, nighttime itching, visible eggs | Medicated shampoos/creams |
| Syphilis | Genital sores, body rashes, mouth patches | Antibiotics |
| HIV/AIDS | Fever, sore throat, body rashes | PrEP (Emtricitabine/Tenofovir), ART |
STI Transmission
STIs transmit primarily through unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner. Individuals aware of their STI status should abstain from sex until treated or use protection to prevent transmission. Notifying recent sexual partners about potential exposure is crucial for testing and treatment. Your healthcare provider can advise on partner notification protocols.
Do condoms prevent STIs?
Condoms, when used properly, significantly reduce STI transmission risk but don’t eliminate it completely, similar to their pregnancy prevention effectiveness.
Can kissing transmit STIs?
Most STIs don’t spread through kissing, except oral herpes (cold sores) and cytomegalovirus when active lesions are present.
Can toilets transmit STIs?
STI transmission from toilet seats is extremely unlikely. Bacterial STIs can’t survive on surfaces, and while some viruses might persist briefly, infection risk is negligible.
Is ejaculation required for STI transmission?
No. STIs transmit through sexual contact itself, not specifically through ejaculation, though some pathogens may be present in semen.
Can breastfeeding transmit STIs?
Most STIs don’t prevent breastfeeding, except HIV. Herpes requires avoiding nursing with active breast sores, and trichomoniasis may require antibiotic treatment.
Can oral sex transmit STIs?
Yes. Common STIs transmitted through oral sex include gonorrhea, herpes, syphilis, and HPV. Less commonly, chlamydia, HIV, genital warts, pubic lice, and hepatitis may also spread this way.
FAQs
What are the most common STIs?
The most frequently encountered STIs include:
- Chlamydia (accounts for ~46% of STI cases)
- Genital warts
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes
- Syphilis
How to prevent STIs?
Effective prevention includes consistent condom use, limiting sexual partners, and practicing safer sex during higher-risk activities like anal sex.
How are STIs treated?
Treatment varies by infection: antibiotics for bacterial STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) and antiviral medications for viral infections (herpes, HIV). Some conditions like genital warts require specialized treatments.
Obtaining Medication
Do I need a prescription for STI medication?
While traditionally requiring a doctor’s prescription, some medications are available through online pharmacies like MedsBird without prescriptions or lengthy wait times.