Acid reflux is a frequent condition that intermittently affects many people, typically brought on by certain foods, drinks, and lifestyle habits. Common symptoms include a burning chest sensation (heartburn) and an acidic taste in the mouth. Other signs may involve bloating, halitosis, persistent hiccups, and feelings of nausea. While usually a minor concern, experiencing symptoms more than twice weekly could signal gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may need medical evaluation.
What causes acid reflux?
The stomach’s entrance contains a muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which normally closes tightly after food passes through. In acid reflux cases, this valve malfunctions – either remaining partially open or opening too often, allowing stomach acid to regurgitate into the esophagus.
When the LES doesn’t seal properly, acidic stomach contents rise into the esophagus, causing the characteristic chest pain and sour taste. This explains why symptoms often intensify when lying down or bending over, as gravity aids acid movement upward.
While LES dysfunction is the primary cause, various triggers exist and vary between individuals. Dietary factors are particularly significant as they can stimulate valve opening. Problematic foods include spicy, fatty, high-sodium, and low-fiber options. Beverages like coffee, alcohol, acidic juices, and carbonated drinks may also provoke symptoms.
Eating habits also play a role. Large meals, late-night snacking, or reclining shortly after eating can worsen reflux.
Beyond diet, lifestyle factors contribute. Overweight individuals, pregnant women, and smokers often experience more frequent symptoms. Certain medications including pain relievers and muscle relaxants may also trigger episodes.
How to treat heartburn and acid reflux
While typically not serious, acid reflux can significantly impact quality of life by limiting food choices and causing discomfort. Fortunately, multiple effective treatments exist.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production. H2 blockers such as ranitidine (found in Zantac Relief) work similarly by blocking acid-producing cell reactions.
Over-the-counter antacids neutralize stomach acid, preventing esophageal irritation. Lifestyle modifications can also help: eat smaller meals, avoid trigger foods, refrain from eating 3-4 hours before bed, and elevate your bed’s head by 6-8 inches.
If symptoms persist despite these measures, consult a healthcare provider to investigate potential underlying causes.
What is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
GERD develops when frequent acid reflux irritates the esophageal lining. While occasional reflux is normal, persistent cases may progress to GERD.
Most cases can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, though rare severe instances may require surgery.
More Information:
Medicine for Acid Reflux Treatment
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)