Pregnancy prevention following penis-in-vagina intercourse can be accomplished by taking a single emergency contraceptive pill within 120 hours (5 days) after sexual activity.
Emergency contraception comes in two primary forms: oral medications available over-the-counter or by prescription, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) that require professional insertion by healthcare providers.
This discussion focuses mainly on emergency contraceptive pill options.
While medical professionals recognize that weight or body mass index (BMI) may influence emergency contraceptive pill effectiveness, current research hasn’t established clear efficacy thresholds.
Consequently, healthcare providers cannot precisely determine when these pills might become less effective or stop working entirely.
Additional studies are required to evaluate whether dosage adjustments could improve effectiveness for individuals with higher weight or BMI.
The copper IUD remains a highly reliable emergency contraception choice regardless of weight or BMI factors.
When possible, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to receive personalized guidance on selecting the most appropriate emergency contraceptive method.
Table of Contents
- Ulipristal acetate (ella)
- Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Common questions
- Key takeaways
Ulipristal acetate (ella)
Ulipristal acetate, marketed as Ella, represents a highly effective emergency contraceptive option following unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Unlike traditional levonorgestrel-based pills with a 72-hour (3-day) window, ulipristal acetate maintains effectiveness for up to 120 hours (5 days) post-intercourse.
This medication primarily works by delaying or preventing ovulation and may also alter uterine lining receptivity. Importantly, it cannot terminate an existing pregnancy and shouldn’t serve as routine contraception.
Administration involves taking a single tablet orally with water, ideally as soon as possible after unprotected sex. While generally safe, ulipristal acetate may not be suitable for everyone, making professional consultation advisable.
Remember that this medication offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so additional protective measures remain necessary when STI risk exists.
Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
Plan B and similar levonorgestrel-based “morning-after pills” represent accessible emergency contraception choices. These synthetic hormone formulations primarily prevent or delay ovulation and may alter cervical mucus and uterine lining.
Available over-the-counter in the U.S. without age restrictions, these medications work best when taken immediately after unprotected intercourse, though some formulations maintain effectiveness up to 120 hours (5 days) later.
These options shouldn’t replace regular contraception and don’t protect against STIs. Potential side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, or menstrual changes, though serious complications are rare.
Combined oral contraceptives
Combined oral contraceptives, containing synthetic estrogen and progestin, prevent pregnancy through multiple mechanisms: suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining.
Typically taken daily for 21-28 days (depending on formulation), these pills offer benefits beyond contraception, including menstrual cycle regulation and reduced menstrual pain. Some formulations may help manage conditions like PCOS or endometriosis.
However, they may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions. Potential side effects range from mild (nausea, headaches) to serious (blood clots), making medical consultation essential before use.
Common questions
Can you create a DIY emergency contraceptive?
While the Yuzpe method is sometimes called a “homemade” option, medical professionals consider it the least effective emergency contraception approach.
What options exist beyond 120 hours?
A copper IUD may prevent pregnancy when inserted within 5-7 days (or potentially up to 14 days according to limited research) after unprotected intercourse.
Which is preferable: pills or IUD?
IUDs represent the most effective emergency contraception, with copper IUDs creating a sperm-toxic environment and hormonal IUDs potentially disrupting sperm/egg transport (though more research is needed).
Key takeaways
Prompt emergency contraception use increases effectiveness, but options remain available even after 72 hours. The ulipristal acetate pill (ella) offers the best pill-based option beyond 3 days, while copper IUDs provide the most reliable emergency contraception overall.