Pregnancy prevention following penis-in-vagina intercourse can be accomplished by taking a single emergency contraceptive pill within 120 hours (5 days) after sexual activity.
Emergency contraception is available in two primary forms: oral medications (both over-the-counter and prescription) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) that require professional insertion by healthcare providers.
This discussion focuses mainly on emergency contraceptive pill options.
While medical professionals recognize that weight and body mass index (BMI) may influence emergency contraceptive pill effectiveness, current research hasn’t established definitive efficacy thresholds.
Consequently, healthcare providers cannot precisely determine when these pills might become less effective or stop working entirely.
Additional studies are required to evaluate whether dosage adjustments could improve effectiveness for individuals with higher weight or BMI.
The copper IUD remains a highly reliable emergency contraception method regardless of weight or BMI factors.
When possible, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to receive personalized guidance on selecting the most appropriate emergency contraceptive based on individual needs.
Table of Contents
- Ulipristal acetate (ella)
- Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Common questions
- Key takeaways
Ulipristal acetate (ella)
Marketed as Ella, ulipristal acetate represents a highly effective emergency contraceptive option following unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Unlike conventional levonorgestrel-based pills with a 72-hour (3-day) window, Ella maintains effectiveness for up to 120 hours (5 days) post-intercourse.
This medication primarily works by delaying or preventing ovulation and may also alter uterine lining receptivity. Importantly, it doesn’t terminate established pregnancies and shouldn’t replace regular contraception.
Administration involves taking a single tablet orally with water, ideally as soon as possible after unprotected sex. While generally safe, medical consultation is advised as certain health conditions may contraindicate its use.
Remember that Ella provides no protection against sexually transmitted infections, making barrier methods essential for comprehensive protection.
Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
Commonly called “morning-after pills,” levonorgestrel-based options like Plan B One-Step work primarily by inhibiting ovulation and altering cervical mucus. Available over-the-counter in the U.S., these should ideally be taken within 72 hours (3 days), though some formulations may remain effective up to 120 hours (5 days) post-intercourse.
These emergency options aren’t substitutes for regular contraception and don’t protect against STIs. Potential side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, or menstrual changes.
Combined oral contraceptives
Combination birth control pills contain synthetic estrogen and progestin that prevent pregnancy through multiple mechanisms: suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining. Taken daily, these offer benefits beyond contraception, including menstrual regulation and reduced cancer risks.
However, they may not suit everyone, particularly those with certain health conditions. Potential side effects range from mild (nausea, headaches) to serious (blood clots), necessitating medical consultation before use.
Common questions
Can you create a DIY emergency contraceptive?
The Yuzpe method (using regular birth control pills) exists but is the least effective emergency option.
What options exist beyond 120 hours?
Copper IUDs remain effective for emergency contraception up to 5-7 days post-intercourse in North America, with some evidence supporting effectiveness up to 14 days.
Pills vs. IUDs: which is better?
IUDs demonstrate superior effectiveness for emergency contraception. Copper IUDs create a spermicidal environment, while hormonal IUDs (containing levonorgestrel) may also prevent pregnancy through multiple mechanisms.
Key takeaways
Prompt emergency contraception use increases effectiveness. For situations beyond 72 hours (3 days), Ella represents the most effective pill option, while copper IUDs offer the highest overall effectiveness for emergency contraception.