Maintaining proper vaginal hygiene, wearing breathable underwear, taking probiotics, and following other preventive measures can help lower your risk of bacterial vaginosis. These same practices are also effective for preventing recurrence after treatment.
Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vaginal flora. While it may cause symptoms like odor, discharge, and discomfort, many cases show no symptoms at all.
This article explores ways to reduce your chances of developing bacterial vaginosis or experiencing repeat infections after treatment.
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About BV | Symptoms | Recurrence prevention | Bottom line
What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when the natural bacterial balance in the vagina becomes disrupted. Normally, the vagina maintains a healthy mix of beneficial bacteria (primarily lactobacilli) and other microorganisms. When harmful bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis multiply excessively, BV develops.
While not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), BV can increase susceptibility to STIs including HIV, herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. The exact triggers aren’t always clear, but several risk factors include:
- Sexual Activity: Having multiple or new sexual partners may elevate risk, though BV isn’t directly transmitted sexually.
- Douching: This practice disturbs the vagina’s natural bacterial balance.
- Antibiotics: Some antibiotics can eliminate beneficial bacteria, allowing harmful strains to thrive.
- Hormonal Changes: Menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can alter vaginal chemistry.
- Smoking: Tobacco use may compromise immune function and vaginal health.
BV often produces a thin, white/gray discharge with a distinctive fishy odor, particularly noticeable after sex. However, some women experience no symptoms.
Without treatment, BV may lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy complications, and increased STI vulnerability. Prompt medical attention is recommended if BV is suspected.
What are the symptoms?
BV symptoms vary, with some women remaining asymptomatic. Common indicators include:
- Unusual Discharge: Thin, watery, white/gray discharge that differs from the thick discharge typical of yeast infections.
- Distinct Odor: A strong fishy smell, often more noticeable after sex or during menstruation.
- Mild Irritation: Some itching or discomfort, though less severe than with yeast infections.
- Burning During Urination: Occasional mild burning, distinct from UTI symptoms.
- Intercourse Discomfort: Possible pain during sex, though this symptom more commonly indicates other infections.
Since other conditions can cause similar symptoms, professional diagnosis is essential for proper treatment. Early detection helps prevent complications and recurrence.
What can help prevent BV from coming back again?
While antibiotics effectively treat BV initially, recurrence is common. These preventive strategies may help:
1. Practice Proper Vaginal Hygiene:
- Avoid douching completely
- Wipe front to back after using the toilet
- Change menstrual products frequently
- Steer clear of scented vaginal products
2. Choose Appropriate Underwear:
- Opt for breathable cotton underwear
- Use gentle, hypoallergenic detergents
- Allow ventilation by going without underwear at night
3. Consider Boric Acid Suppositories:
- May help maintain vaginal pH when used with medical supervision
- Consult your doctor before use
4. Practice Safe Sex:
- Use condoms consistently
- Be aware that oral sex may introduce bacteria
5. Maintain Healthy Vaginal pH:
- Consider pH-balancing products if recommended
- Monitor for changes in discharge or odor
6. Incorporate Probiotics:
- Probiotic supplements or probiotic-rich foods may help
- Look for strains containing lactobacilli
7. Manage Stress:
- Chronic stress may contribute to recurrence
- Practice stress-reduction techniques
Implementing these measures can support vaginal health and potentially reduce BV recurrence. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
The bottom line
While BV can recur, preventive measures like practicing safe sex, maintaining proper hygiene, wearing breathable fabrics, and limiting antibiotic use can help maintain vaginal balance. Probiotics may offer additional support by promoting beneficial bacteria.
If symptoms persist or recur, seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Your healthcare provider can offer tailored solutions to manage BV effectively.
By prioritizing vaginal health through prevention and proactive care, you can better manage BV and support overall wellbeing. Always consult your doctor for advice specific to your situation.