Pregnancy prevention following penis-in-vagina intercourse can be accomplished by taking a single emergency contraceptive pill within 120 hours (5 days) after sexual activity.
Emergency contraception is available in two primary forms: oral medications available over-the-counter or by prescription, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) that require professional insertion by healthcare providers.
This discussion focuses mainly on emergency contraceptive pill options.
While medical professionals recognize that weight or body mass index (BMI) may influence emergency contraceptive pill effectiveness, current research hasn’t established clear efficacy thresholds.
Consequently, healthcare providers cannot precisely determine when these pills might become less effective or stop working entirely.
Additional studies are required to evaluate whether higher dosages could improve effectiveness for individuals with greater weight or BMI.
The copper IUD remains a highly reliable emergency contraception method regardless of weight or BMI factors.
When possible, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to receive personalized guidance on selecting the most appropriate emergency contraceptive based on individual needs.
Table of Contents
- Ulipristal acetate (ella)
- Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Common questions
- Key takeaways
Ulipristal acetate (ella)
Ulipristal acetate, marketed as Ella, represents a highly effective emergency contraceptive option following unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Unlike traditional levonorgestrel-based pills with a 72-hour (3-day) window, ulipristal acetate maintains effectiveness for up to 120 hours (5 days) post-intercourse.
This medication primarily works by delaying or preventing ovulation and may also modify the uterine lining. Importantly, it cannot terminate an existing pregnancy and isn’t intended for routine contraception.
Administration involves taking a single tablet orally with water, ideally as soon as possible after unprotected sex. While generally safe, ulipristal acetate isn’t suitable for everyone, making professional consultation advisable before use.
Remember that this medication offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For comprehensive protection, consider combining with barrier methods like condoms.
Plan B and other levonorgestrel options
Plan B and similar levonorgestrel-based “morning-after” pills serve as accessible emergency contraception following unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. These options work primarily by preventing or delaying ovulation and may alter cervical mucus and uterine lining.
Available over-the-counter in the U.S. without age restrictions, these medications should ideally be taken within 72 hours (3 days), though some formulations remain effective up to 120 hours (5 days) post-intercourse.
While generally safe, potential side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, and menstrual changes. These pills shouldn’t replace regular contraception and offer no STI protection.
Combined oral contraceptives
Combined oral contraceptives, containing synthetic estrogen and progestin, prevent pregnancy through multiple mechanisms: suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining.
Typically taken daily for 21-28 days (depending on formulation), these pills offer benefits beyond contraception, including menstrual cycle regulation and reduced cancer risks. However, they may not be suitable for everyone and can cause side effects ranging from mild nausea to rare serious complications.
Professional consultation is essential before starting combined oral contraceptives to evaluate individual suitability and monitor for potential adverse effects.
Common questions
Can you create a DIY emergency contraceptive?
While the Yuzpe method is sometimes called a “homemade” option, experts consider it the least effective emergency contraception method.
Are there options beyond 120 hours?
The copper IUD remains the most viable option, with some evidence supporting effectiveness up to 14 days post-intercourse.
Which is preferable: pills or IUD?
IUDs represent the most effective emergency contraception, with copper IUDs creating a sperm-toxic environment and hormonal IUDs potentially disrupting reproductive processes.
Key takeaways
Prompt emergency contraception use increases effectiveness, but options remain available even after 72 hours. The ulipristal acetate pill (ella) offers the most effective pill-based option beyond 72 hours, while copper IUDs provide the most reliable emergency contraception overall.