Acid reflux is a common condition that affects many people occasionally, typically triggered by certain foods, drinks, and lifestyle factors. Common symptoms include a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn) and an unpleasant sour taste in the mouth. Other signs may include bloating, bad breath, frequent hiccups, and nausea. While usually not serious, experiencing symptoms more than twice weekly could indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may require medical attention.
What causes acid reflux?
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the stomach’s entrance, normally closes tightly after food passes through. In acid reflux, this valve malfunctions – either not closing properly or opening too often – allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
When the LES doesn’t seal completely, stomach acid rises into the esophagus, causing the characteristic chest pain and sour taste. This explains why symptoms often worsen when lying down or bending over, as gravity helps stomach acid travel upward.
While LES dysfunction is the primary cause, various triggers can provoke symptoms differently for each person. Food and drink are major triggers as they can stimulate the LES to open. Common culprits include spicy, fatty, salty, or low-fiber foods, along with caffeine, alcohol, acidic drinks, and carbonated beverages.
Eating habits also contribute. Large meals, late-night snacking, or lying down soon after eating can aggravate symptoms.
Beyond diet, lifestyle factors like being overweight, pregnancy, or smoking increase susceptibility. Certain medications, including pain relievers and muscle relaxants, may also trigger acid reflux.
How to treat heartburn and acid reflux
While not typically serious, acid reflux can significantly impact quality of life by limiting food choices and causing discomfort. Fortunately, effective treatments are available.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole reduce stomach acid production and are widely used for treatment.
H2 blockers work similarly by reducing acid production at the cellular level. Ranitidine, available both by prescription and over-the-counter (as in Zantac Relief), is a common H2 blocker.
Antacids provide another OTC option by neutralizing stomach acid to prevent esophageal irritation.
Lifestyle modifications can also help: eat smaller meals, avoid trigger foods, don’t eat within 3-4 hours of bedtime, and elevate the head of your bed 6-8 inches. If symptoms persist despite these measures, consult a healthcare provider.
What is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
GERD develops when frequent acid reflux irritates the esophageal lining. While occasional reflux is normal, persistent cases may progress to GERD.
Most GERD cases can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, though rare severe cases may require surgery.
More Information:
Medicine for Acid Reflux Treatment
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/what-is-acid-reflux-disease